Babylonian Talmud
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BAVLI TRACTATE ROSH HASHANAH
CHAPTER ONE
FOLIOS 2A-22A
I:1
- [2a] There are four new years:
- (1) the first day of Nisan is the new year for kings and festivals;
- (2) the first day of Elul is the new year for tithing cattle.
- R. Eleazar and R. Simeon say, "It is on the first day of Tishré."
- (3) The first day of Tishré is the new year for the reckoning of years, for Sabbatical years, and for Jubilees,
- for planting [trees] and for vegetables;
- (4) the first day of Shevat is the new year for trees, in accord with the opinion of the House of Shammai.
- The House of Hillel say, "On the fifteenth day of that month [is the new year for trees]."
I. 1.
- [The first day of Nisan is the new year] for kings [M. R.H. 1:1B]-
- What is the purpose of this rule?
- Said Rav Hisda, "It is because of legal documents. For we have taught on Tannaite authority [M. Sheb. 10:5]: Antedated bonds are invalid, but postdated bonds are valid."